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1. Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions? (a) Eubacteria (b) Cyanobacteria (c) Mycobacteria (d) Archaebacteria (NEET 2017) ANS : (d) Halophiles, a type of archaebacteria, usually occur in extreme saline conditions like salt pans, salt beds and salt marshes. 2. Viroids differ from viruses in having (a) DNA molecules without protein coat (b) RNA molecules with protein coat (c) RNA molecules without protein coat (d) DNA molecules with protein coat. (NEET 2017) ANS : (d) Viroids are free RNA particles that lack protein coat. They are infectious agents smaller than viruses. 3.Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen? (a) Pseudomonas (b) Mycoplasma (c) Nostoc (d) Bacillus (NEET 2017) ANS : (d) Mycoplasmas are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall. They are pathogenic to both plants and animals and can survive without oxygen. 4.Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell? (a) Nuclear membrane (b) Plasma membrane (c) Glycocalyx (d) Cell wall (NEET 2017) ANS : (d) Glycocalyx is the outermost mucilage layer of the cell envelope which consists of non-cellulosic polysaccharides with or without proteins. It gives sticky character to the cell. 5. DNA replication in bacteria occurs (a) within nucleolus (b) prior to fission (c) just before transcription (d) during S phase. (NEET 2017) ANS : (d) DNA replicates in bacteria just before they divide by fission 6.Which one of the following is wrong for fungi? (a) They are eukaryotic. (b) All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell wall. (c) They are heterotrophic. (d) They are both unicellular and multicellular. (NEET-II 2016) ANS : (d) Cell wall in fungi is composed of chitin, a polysaccharide comprising N-acetyl-D- glucosamine (a derivative of glucose) 7. Methanogens belong to (a) eubacteria (b) archaebacteria (c) dinoflagellates (d) slime moulds. (NEET-II 2016) ANS : (d) Methanogens belong to archaebacteria. They include methane producing genera such as Methanobacillus and Methanothrix. Methanogens are obligate anaerobes found in oxygen-deficient environments, such as marshes, swamps, sludge (formed during sewage treatment), and the digestive systems of ruminants. Mostly they obtain their energy by reducing carbon dioxide and oxidising hydrogen, with the production of methane. 8. Select the wrong statement. (a) The walls of diatoms are easily destructible. (b) 'Diatomaceous earth' is formed by the cell walls of diatoms. (c) Diatoms are chief producers in the oceans. (d) Diatoms are microscopic and float passively in water. (NEET-II 2016) ANS : (d) Diatoms are marine or freshwater unicellular organisms which have cell walls (frustules) composed of pectin impregnated with silica and consisting of two halves, one overlapping the other. The siliceous frustules of diatoms do not decay easily. 9.The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals, include the (a) methanogens (b) eubacteria (c) halophiles (d) thermoacidophiles. (NEET-I 2016) ANS : (a). 10. Which one of the following statements is wrong ? (a) Eubacteria are also called false bacteria. (b) Phycomycetes are also called algal fungi. (c) Cyanobacteria are also called blue-green algae (d) Golden algae are also called desmids. (NEET-I 2016) ANS : (d) Eubacteria are also called true bacteria. 11. Which of the following statements is wrong for viroids ? (a) They cause infections. (b) Their RNA is of high molecular weight. (c) They lack a protein coat. (d) They are smaller than viruses. (NEET-I 2016) ANS : (d) RNA of viroid has low molecular weight. 12. One of the major components of cell wall of most fungi is (a) cellulose (b) hemicellulose (c) chitin (d) peptidoglycan. (NEET-I 2016) ANS : (d) Fungal cell wall contains chitin or fungal cellulose along with other polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and a number of other substances. 13. Chrysophytes, Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates and Slime moulds are included in the Kingdom (a) Fungi (b) Animalia (c) Monera (d) Protista. (NEET-I 2016) ANS : (d) Protista is a kingdom of unicellular eukaryotic organisms. It includes photosynthetic protists (dinoflagellates, chrysophytes and euglenoids), consumer-decomposer protists (slime moulds) and protozoan protists 14. Which one is a wrong statement? (a) Haploid endosperm is typical feature of Gymnosperms (b) Brown algae have chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin (c) Archegonia are found in Bryophytes, Pteridophyte and Gymnosperms. (d) Mucor has biflagellate zoospores. (2015) ANS : (d) Mucor is a member of Zygomycetes (the conjugation fungi) in which motile cells e.g. zoospores, planogametes, etc. are absent. Asexual reproduction takes place by the formation of non- motile mitospores called sporangiospores. Sexual reproduction takes place by the formation of non- motile zygospores. 15. The imperfect fungi which are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling belong to (a) Phycomycetes (b) Ascomycetes (c) Deuteromycetes (d) Basidiomycetes. (2015) ANS : (d) Deuteromycetes are the imperfect fungi which include all those fungi in which sexual stage is either absent or not known. Some members are saprophytes or parasites while a large number of them are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling. E.g., Colletotrichum, Helminthosporium etc. 16. The structures that help some bacteria to attach to rocks and/or host tissues are (a) mesosomes (b) holdfast (c) rhizoids (d) fimbriae. (2015) ANS : (d) Fimbriae are small bristle-like solid structures arising from bacterial cell surface. There are 300-400 of fimbriae per cell. Their diameter is 3-10 nm while length is 0.5-1.5 um. Fimbriae are involved in attaching bacteria to solid surfaces (e.g., rock in water body) or host tissues (e.g., urinary tract in Neisseria gonorrhoeae). Some fimbriae cause agglutination of RBCs. They also help in mutual clinging of bacteria 17. Select the wrong statement. (a) The term 'contagium vivum fluidum' was coined by M. W. Beijerinck. (b) Mosaic disease in tobacco and AIDS in human being are caused by viruses. (c) The viroids were discovered by D.J. Ivanowsky (d) W.M. Stanley showed that viruses could be crystallised. (2015) ANS : (d) Viroids are infectious RNA particles which were discovered by T.O. Diener (1971). These are devoid of protein coat and cause diseases in plants only, e.g., potato spindle tuber, chrysanthemum stunt etc. 18. In which group of organisms the cell walls form two thin overlapping shells which fit together ? (a) Dinoflagellates (b) Slime moulds (c) Chrysophytes (d) Euglenoids (2015) ANS : (d) Chrysophytes include diatoms and desmids. The body of diatoms is covered by a transparent siliceous shell (silica deposited in cell wall) known as frustule. The frustule is made of two valves, epitheca and hypotheca, which fit together like a soap box. 19. Pick up the wrong statement. (a) Some fungi are edible. (b) Nuclear membrane is present in Monera. (c) Cell wall is absent in Animalia. (d) Protists have photosynthetic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition. (2015) ANS : (d) Kingdom Monera consists of prokaryotic organisms, characterised by absence of nuclear envelope around nucleus and absence of membrane-bound cell organelles 20. Choose the wrong statement. (a) Morels and truffles are poisonous mushrooms. (b) Yeast is unicellular and useful in fermentation. (c) Penicillium is multicellular and produces antibiotics. (d) Neurospora is used in the study of bio-chemical genetics. (2015) ANS : (d) Morels are Ascomycetes with edible ascocarps that have fleshy sponge-like conical cap or pileus and a stalk like stipe, e.g., Morchella esculenta. Truffles are also edible members of Ascomycetes with tuber-like subterranean ascocarps that are often dug out with the help of trained dogs and pigs, e.g., Tuber aestivum. 21. Cell wall is absent in (a) Mycoplasma (b) Nostoc (c) Aspergillus (d) Funaria. (2015) ANS : (d) Mycoplasma (Kingdom-Monera) are the simplest and smallest free living prokaryotes which are devoid of a cell wall. Plasma membrane forms the outer boundary of the cell of mycoplasma. Nostoc is a cyanobacterium (Kingdom- Monera),in which cell wall comprises of peptidoglycans. Aspergillus is a fungus (Kingdom-Fungi) in which cell wall is mainly made of chitin. Funaria is a bryophyte (Kingdom-Plantae) in which cell wall is cellulosic in nature. 22. True nucleus is absent in (a) Vaucheria (b) Volvox (c) Anabaena (d) Mucor (2015 Cancelled) ANS : (d) Anabaena is a prokaryotic organism. It is a cyanobacteria (blue green algae) which belongs to Kingdom Monera. Like all other prokaryotes, it lacks a true nucleus and other cell organelles 23. Which one of the following matches is correct? (a) Mucor Reproduction Ascomycetes Jby Conjugation (b) Agaricus Parasitic fungus Basidiomycetes (c) Phytophthora Aseptate Basidiomycetes mycelium (d) Alternaria Sexual Deuteromycetes reproduction absent (2015 Cancelled) ANS : (d) Alternaria is a Deuteromycetes member which are also known as fungi imperfecti. Their perfect stages (sexually reproducing stages) are either absent or not known. 24. Five kingdom system of classification suggested by R.H. Whittaker is not based on (a) presence or absence of a well defined nucleus (b) mode of reproduction (c) mode of nutrition (d) complexity of body organisation. (2014) ANS : (d) R.H. Whittaker considered complexity of cell structure and structural (body) organisation, mode of nutrition, ecological life style and phylogenetic relationships for the five kingdom system of classification. 25. Which of the following shows coiled RNA strand and capsomeres? (a) Polio virus (b) Tobacco mosaic virus (c) Measles virus (d) Retrovirus (2014) ANS : (d) Tobacco mosaic virus is a RNA virus that causes tobacco mosaic disease. It has single stranded coiled RNA molecule as its genetic material a part of which hangs outside the protein coat. Protein coat consists of approximately 2130 capsomeres which are helically arranged to form a hollow cylinder of about 4 nm diameter. 26. Viruses have (a) DNA enclosed in a protein coat (b) prokaryotic nucleus (c) single chromosome (d) both DNA and RNA. (2014) ANS : (d) Viruses are nucleoprotein entities which are able to utilize synthetic machinery of a living cell of the host organism for its multiplication which does not involve growth and division. They have either RNA or DNA as genetic material and a protein coat 27. Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria in (a) cell membrane structure (b) mode of nutrition (c) cell shape (d) mode of reproduction. (2014) ANS : (d) The archaebacteria are the ancient bacteria that include extremophiles like methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles. They represent some of the most ancient of life forms that persist today. They have both eubacterial and eukaryotic characters besides the features unique to them. Their mode of reproduction, nutrition and cell shape and size resembles a typical eubacteria. Their cell walls are made of a variety of polymers, but do not contain peptidoglycan unlike eubacteria. Lipids of their cytoplasmic membranes are ether linked unlike eubacteria which contain glycerol ester lipids in their cell membrane 28. Which structures perform the function of mitochondria in bacteria? (a) Nucleoid (b) Ribosomes (c) Cell wall (d) Mesosomes (2014) ANS : (d) Mesosome is a characteristic circular to villiform specialisation of bacterial cell membrane that develops as an ingrowth. It consists of vesicles,tubules and lamellae. Mesosomes may be septal or lateral. Septal mesosome connects nucleoid with plasma membrane and assists in replication and septum formation during cells division. Lateral mesosome is not connected with nucleoid and contains respiratory enzymes and performs functions similar to eukarytoic mitochondria and hence also called chondrioid. They also increase the surface area of plasma membrane and enzymatic contact. 29. The motile bacteria are able to move by (a) fimbriae (b) flagella (c) cilia (d) pilli. (2014) ANS : (d) Flagellum is the organ of motility in bacteria. Bacterial flagella are unistranded, equivalent to a single microtubular fibre and formed of protein called flagellin. They perform rotatory movements. 30. Anoxygenic photosynthesis is characteristic of (a) Rhodospirillum (b) Spirogyra (C) Chlamydomonas (d) Ulva. (2014) ANS : (d) In Rhodospirillum, electron donor is organic compound instead of water hence no oxygen is released, i.e., anoxygenic photosynthesis occurs. In other plants water is used as electron donor and H+ and O2are produced during photolysis of water. 31. Which of the following are likely to be present in deep sea water? (a) Blue-green algae (b) Saprophytic fungi (c) Archaebacteria (d) Eubacteria (NEET 2013) ANS : (d) Archaebacteria belong to a group of prokaryotic organisms called Monera. These include the methanogens, which produce methane; the thermoacidophilic bacteria, which live in extremely hot and acidic environments (such as hot springs); and the halophilic bacteria, which can only function at high salt concentrations and are abundant in the world's oceans. 32. Pigment containing membranous extensions in some cyanobacteria are (a) pneumatophores (b) chromatophores (c) heterocysts (d) basal bodies (NEET 2013) ANS : (d) Chromatophore is a pigmented lamellar or vesicular structure that can be isolated from disrupted photosynthetic bacteria or cyanobacteria. Their plasma membrane may be projected in folds into the cytoplasm forming lamellae that have, therefore, double unit-membrane structure. The pigments and most of the enzymes required for the light-induced electron transport and phosphorylation processes of photosynthesis, are located in the plasma membrane and lamellae 33. Why is a capsule advantageous to a bacterium? (a) It protects the bacterium from desiccation. (b) It provides means of locomotion. (c) It allows bacterium to “hide” from host's immune system (d) It allows the bacterium to attach to the surface. (Karnataka NEET 2013) ANS : (d) S-type bacteria or virulent bacteria are capsulated. The capsule is made up of polysaccharides and amino acids. It is a tough and thick mucilage covering. It gives protection to bacteria against host's immune system. 34. Which one of the following is true for fungi? (a) They lack a rigid cell wall. (b) They are heterotrophs. (c) They lack nuclear membrane. (d) They are phagotrophs (Karnataka NEET 2013) ANS : (d) Fungi are achlorophyllous, heterotrophic, spore forming, non-vascular, eukaryotic organisms which often contain chitin or fungal cellulose in their walls. Hence, their cell wall is rigid 35. Which statement is wrong for viruses? (a) All are parasite (b) All of them have helical symmetry. (c) They have ability to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins.(d) Antibiotics have no effect on them. (2012) ANS : (d) In viruses, three architectural forms are found – helical (elongated body, e.g., TMV), cuboidal (short broad body with rhombic, rounded, polyhedral shape e.g, poliovirus) and binal (with both cuboidal and helical parts e.g., T, phage). 36. Maximum nutritional diversity is found in the group (a) fungi (b) animalia (c) monera (d) plantae. (2012) ANS : (d) Though the bacterial structure is very simple, they are very complex in behaviour. Compared to many other organisms, bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity. Some of the bacteria are autotrophic, i.e., they synthesize their own food from inorganic substrates. They may be photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic autotrophic. The vast majority of bacteria are heterotrophs, i.e., they do not synthesize their own food but depend on other organisms or on dead organic matter for food. 37. Nuclear membrane is absent in (a) Penicillium (b) Agaricus (c) Volvox (d) Nostoc. (2012) ANS : (d) Penicillium and Agaricus are fungi while Volvox is an alga. All three are eukaryotes thus have a membrane bound nucleus. Nostoc is a cyanobacterium, i.e., prokaryote, so it lacks true nucleus, thus nuclear membrane is absent. 38. The cyanobacteria are also referred to as (a) protists (b) golden algae (c) slime moulds (d) blue green algae. (2012) ANS : (d) Cyanobacteria is a phylum consisting of two groups of photosynthetic eubacteria: the blue- green bacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae, or cyanophyta), which comprise the vast majority of members, and the grass green bacteria, or chloroxybacteria 39. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorised as (a) cyanobacteria (b) archaebacteria (c) chemosynthetic autotrophs (d) heterotrophic bacteria. (2012) ANS : (d)Maximum number of antibiotics are produced by mycelial bacteria known as actinomycetes and most of the actinomycetes are saprotrophic (heterotrophic). Lactic acid bacteria that are used in preparation of curd are also heterotrophic ones. 40. Which one single organism or the pair of organisms is correctly assigned to its or their named taxonomic group? (a) Paramecium and Plasmodium belong to the same kingdom as that of Penicillium. (b) Lichen is a composite organism formed from the symbiotic association of an algae and a protozoan. (c) Yeast used in making bread and beer is a fungus. (d) Nostoc and Anabaena are examples of protista (2012) ANS : (d) Yeast is a group of unicellular fungi of the class ascomycetes. They occur as single cell or as a group or chain of cells. Yeast of the genus Saccharo- myces ferments sugar and are used to make bread and beer. 41. Which one of the following microbes forms symbiotic association with plants and helps them in their nutrition? (a) Azotobacter (b) Aspergillus (c) Glomus (d) Trichoderma (2012) ANS : (d) Azotobacter, Aspergillus and Trichoderma all are free living microbes that help plants in their nutrition. Glomus is a fungus that symbiotically forms endomycorrhiza that helps in absorption of nutrition specially phosphorus from soil. 42. In the five kingdom classification,Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been included in (a) protista (b) algae (c) plantae (d) monera. (Mains 2012) ANS : (d) In order to develop phylogenetic classification, R.H, Whittaker (1969), an American taxonomist, divided all the organisms into five kingdoms. Whittaker has used five criteria for delimiting the different kingdoms (i) Complexity of cell structure, prokaryotic and eukaryotic (ii) Complexity of body structure or structural organization, unicellular and multicellular. (iii) Mode of nutrition which is divergent in multicellular kingdoms. (iv) Ecological life style like producers (plantae), decomposers (fungi) and consumers (animalia), (v) Phylogenetic relationship. When such characteristics were considered, the fungi were placed in a separate kingdom - Kingdom Fungi. All prokaryotic organisms were grouped together under Kingdom Monera and the unicellular eukaryotic organisms were placed in Kingdom Protista. Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlamydomonas, Chlorella (earlier placed in Algae within Plants and both having cell walls) with Paramoecium and Amoeba (which were earlier placed in the animal kingdom which lack cell wall). It has put together organisms which, in earlier classifications, were placed in different kingdoms. This happened because the criteria for classification changed. 43. Which one of the following also acts as a catalyst in a bacterial cell? (a) 5S rRNA (b) snRNA (c) hnRNA (d) 23S rRNA (2011) ANS : (d) The 23S rRNA is a component of the large prokaryotic (bacterial cell) subunit (505). The ribosomal peptidyl transferase activity resides in this rRNA and acts as a ribozyme (catalytic RNA). In eukaryotic cells, the 60S (28S component) ribosome subunit contains the peptidyl transferase component and acts as the ribozyme. 44. In eubacteria, a cellular component that resembles eukaryotic cell is (a) plasma membrane (b) nucleus (c) ribosomes (d) cell wall. (2011) ANS : (d) Plasma membrane of eubacteria resembles plasma membrane of eukaryotic cell. But nucleus, ribosomes and cell wall are little different in eukaryotic cell in their structure and organization from eubacterial cell. 45. Which one of the following organisms is not an eukaryote? (a) Paramecium caudatum (b) Escherichia coli (c) Euglena viridis (d) Amoeba proteus (2011) ANS : (d) Escherichia coli (bacterium) is not an example of eukaryotic cell. It is a typical example of prokaryotic cell. 46. Which one of the following is incorrectly matched? (a) Root pressure-guttation (b) Puccinia-smut (c) Root-exarch protoxylem (d) Cassia-imbricate aestivation (2011) ANS : (d) Rust is a group of parasitic fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota. Many of these species attack the leaves and stems of cereal crops. Pathogens of rust are Puccinia, Uromyces, Melampsora, Hemileia 47. The pathogen Microsporum responsible for ringworm disease in humans belongs to the same kingdom of organisms as that of (a) Taenia, a tapeworm (b) Wuchereria, a filarial worm (c) Rhizopus, a mould (d) Ascaris, a round worm. (Mains 2011) ANS : (d) The pathogen Microsporum is genus of Kingdom Fungi that causes diseases of skin and hair in humans and animals like dog, cat, monkey. Ringworm is caused by the dermatophyte fungi- species of Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton Rhizopus, a black bread mould belongs to group zygomycetes of Kingdom Fungi. 48. Virus envelope is known as (a) capsid (b) virion (c) nucleoprotein (d) core. (2010) ANS : (d) The nucleic acid of a virus is surrounded by a protein coat called the capsid. The capsid is composed of protein subunits called capsomeres. In some viruses, the capsid is covered by an envelope, which usually consists of some combination of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates 49. Single-celled eukaryotes are included in (a) protista (b) fungi (c) archaea (d) monera. (2010) ANS : (d) Protista include all unicellular and colonial eukaryotes except those of green and red algae. The protistan cells are typically eukaryotic having membrane bound organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus etc. Protista is commonly known as kingdom of unicellular eukaryotes. Kingdom fungi contains achlorophyllous, spore producing, heterotrophic, multicellular or multinucleate eukaryotic organisms (unicellular yeasts are also included amongst fungi because their sexual reproduction is similar to that of some fungi). Monerans are basically unicellular prokaryotes. Archaea (ancient bacteria) are also a type of monerans which live in primitive environment like high temperature, high salt content, acidic pH, etc. 50. Some hyperthermophilic organisms that grow in highly acidic (pH 2) habitats belong to the two groups (a) eubacteria and archaea (b) cyanobacteria and diatoms (c) protists and mosses (d) liverworts and yeasts. (2010) ANS : (d) There are two major groups of monerans archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) and eubacteria (true bacteria). Eubacteria is of further two types -- bacteria and cyanobacteria. Thermoacidophiles are a type of archaebacteria which live in extremely acidic environment (pH 2) that have extremely high temperatures (upto 110°C). They are found in hot sulphur springs. Some of the eubacteria are also famous for living under the most hostile environment like salt pans, petroleum pans, spilled oil, hot springs, sulphur Springs, snow, etc. |
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